Ecotheological Implications of the Qur’anic Verses on Tawbah (Repentance): An Analysis from a Sufi Perspective

Abstract

This study examines the ecotheological implications attributed to tawbah (repentance) in the Qur'an and the interpretations of the subject by Sufi exegetes. While numerous Qur'anic verses address tawbah, some indicate that it extends beyond the forgiveness of individual sins to encompass ecological consequences. In the Sufi exegetical tradition, tawbah is interpreted as a bridge between the transformation/awareness of the heart and the divine order of nature. The central research question of this study concerns how Sufi interpretations, in light of the relevant Qur'anic verses, contribute an ecotheological perspective to human-nature relations. In this context, the transformative power of tawbah in fostering awareness of oneself and one's environment is examined from a Sufi perspective. The secondary problem of this study is the analysis of Sufi interpretations concerning the ecological afflictions encountered by individuals and societies as a consequence of the absence of repentance, as well as the psychological states of those subjected to such afflictions. Sufi scholars fundamentally associate environmental crises with the spiritual corruption of individuals and, more broadly, society, arguing that tawbah is not merely a process of spiritual purification but also provides a foundation for developing ethical and responsible engagement with the environment. Their ecotheological interpretations demonstrate that tawbah can serve as a spiritual and ethical basis for addressing environmental problems and support environmentally oriented behavioral models.