Blok Tabanlı Programlama Platformlarında Soyutlama Becerisinin Karakterizasyonu
Blok Tabanlı Programlama Platformlarında Soyutlama Becerisinin Karakterizasyonu
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Abstract
Bu araştırmanın amacı, blok tabanlı programlama platformlarında soyutlama becerisini karakterize ederek, soyutlama becerilerindeki gelişimi değerlendirmek için bir çerçeve oluşturmak ve bu çerçeve doğrultusunda blok tabanlı platformlarda soyutlama becerilerini ölçme ve değerlendirme araçları sunmaktır. Keşfedici durum çalışması yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışma, 6. sınıf düzeyindeki 20 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma kapsamında Scratch, Blockly ve Mobil Kod blok tabanlı programlama platformları kullanılmıştır. Bu platformlarda soyutlama becerisini değerlendirmek için yürütülen etkinlikler, soyutlama becerisi ile ilişkili olan örüntü tanıma, eleme, odaklanma, genelleme, ayrıştırma ve oluşturma becerilerini barındıracak şekilde alan yazın taraması ve uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda belirlenmiştir. Bu sayede soyutlama becerisinin değerlendirilmesinde, ilişkili olduğu diğer beceriler işe koşulmuştur. Yürütülen etkinlikler ekran kayıt programıyla kayıt altına alınmış ve tamamlanan her etkinlikten sonra öğrencilerle görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Yapılan alan yazın taraması ve uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda her bir etkinlik özelinde geliştirilen soyutlama göstergesi değerlendirme formları kullanılarak öğrencilerin ekran kayıtlarındaki davranış örüntüleri incelenerek puanlanmıştır. Etkinlikler özelinde geliştirilen soyutlama göstergesi değerlendirme formu, öğrencilerle yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler ve uzmanlar tarafından ekran kayıtlarının analiz edilmesiyle farklı blok tabanlı platformlardaki etkinliklerin, soyutlama becerisi analizini kapsayacak şekilde genelleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; blok tabanlı programlama platformlarında soyutlama becerisinin problem çözme, blok yapısı ve arayüz boyutlarında sergilenebileceği belirlenmiştir. Uzmanlar tarafından yapılan puanlama sonuçları, geliştirilen dereceli puanlama anahtarının blok tabanlı platformlarda soyutlama becerisinin güvenilir bir şekilde değerlendirilmesine olanak sağladığını göstermektedir. Çalışmanın, blok tabanlı programlama platformlarında bilgi işlemsel düşünme temelinde, soyutlama çalışmalarında beceri gelişimi belirleme noktasında katkı sağlayacağı ümit edilmektedir.
The aim of this research is to develop a framework for assessing the development of abstraction skills by characterizing abstraction skills within block-based programming platforms and to provide tools for measuring and evaluating these skills in block-based platforms in line with this framework. This exploratory case study was conducted with 20 sixth-grade students. The block-based programming platforms used in this study were Scratch, Blockly, and Mobil Kod. The Activities designed to assess abstraction skills on these platforms were determined through a literature review and expert opinions to encompass skills related to abstraction, such as pattern recognition, elimination, focus, generalization, decomposition, and creation. Thus, other skills related to abstraction were employed in the evaluation of abstraction skills. The activities were recorded using screen recording software, and interviews with students were conducted after completing each activity. The abstraction indicator evaluation forms developed for each activity based on the literature review and expert opinions were used to analyze and score the students' behavioral patterns in the screen recordings. The abstraction indicator evaluation form developed specifically for the activities, along with data from student interviews and expert analyses of the screen recordings, was generalized to include the analysis of abstraction skills across different block-based platforms. As a result, it was determined that abstraction skills in block-based programming platforms could be demonstrated in the dimensions of problem-solving, block structure, and interface. The scoring results by the experts indicate that the rubric developed allows for reliable assessment of abstraction skills in block-based platforms. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the identification of skill development in abstraction studies within the context of computational thinking in block-based programming platforms.
The aim of this research is to develop a framework for assessing the development of abstraction skills by characterizing abstraction skills within block-based programming platforms and to provide tools for measuring and evaluating these skills in block-based platforms in line with this framework. This exploratory case study was conducted with 20 sixth-grade students. The block-based programming platforms used in this study were Scratch, Blockly, and Mobil Kod. The Activities designed to assess abstraction skills on these platforms were determined through a literature review and expert opinions to encompass skills related to abstraction, such as pattern recognition, elimination, focus, generalization, decomposition, and creation. Thus, other skills related to abstraction were employed in the evaluation of abstraction skills. The activities were recorded using screen recording software, and interviews with students were conducted after completing each activity. The abstraction indicator evaluation forms developed for each activity based on the literature review and expert opinions were used to analyze and score the students' behavioral patterns in the screen recordings. The abstraction indicator evaluation form developed specifically for the activities, along with data from student interviews and expert analyses of the screen recordings, was generalized to include the analysis of abstraction skills across different block-based platforms. As a result, it was determined that abstraction skills in block-based programming platforms could be demonstrated in the dimensions of problem-solving, block structure, and interface. The scoring results by the experts indicate that the rubric developed allows for reliable assessment of abstraction skills in block-based platforms. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the identification of skill development in abstraction studies within the context of computational thinking in block-based programming platforms.
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