The Mediating Role of Mindfulness in the Relationship between Alexithymia and Glycemic Control in Patients Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective: This study examines the impact of alexithymia and mindfulness on diabetes management, focusing on how their relationship affects glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It evaluates the challenges posed by alexithymia in managing diabetes and the mediating role of mindfulness in this process.<br /> Methods: The study included 100 T2DM patients aged 18-65 who had been diagnosed for at least one year, alongside 100 healthy controls. Data were gathered through a sociodemographic form, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Glycemic control was assessed using hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.<br /> Results: The prevalence of alexithymia in diabetic patients was 67%. Alexithymic individuals showed higher HbA1c levels and poorer blood sugar control (p<0.001). HbA1c levels were also significantly higher in those with lower mindfulness (p<0.001). A strong negative correlation was found between alexithymia and mindfulness (r=-0.789, p<0.001). TAS-20 scores significantly correlated with HbA1c (beta=0.508, p<0.001), while higher MAAS scores were linked to better glycemic control (beta=-0.674, p<0.001). When MAAS was included in the model, the direct relationship between TAS-20 and HbA1c lost significance (beta=-0.024, p=0.85), indicating a mediating role of mindfulness.<br /> Conclusion: Mindfulness was associated with better diabetes management and glycemic control and glycemic control in individuals with alexithymia symptoms. Incorporating mindfulness-based strategies into psychosocial interventions could enhance quality of life and treatment adherence for these patients, underscoring the need for a holistic approach to diabetes care.