Çocuk Merkezli Oyun Terapisinin Zihinsel Engelli Çocukların Sosyal Beceri ve Davranışsal Problemlerine Etkisi
Çocuk Merkezli Oyun Terapisinin Zihinsel Engelli Çocukların Sosyal Beceri ve Davranışsal Problemlerine Etkisi
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Abstract
Bu araştırmanın amacı çocuk merkezli oyun terapisinin orta düzeyde zihin engelli çocukların davranışsal problemleri ve sosyal beceri düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmacı tarafından 8-10 seans çocuk merkezli oyun terapisi uygulanarak bu etki incelenmiştir. Nicel araştırma olarak tasarlanan bu çalışma, tek denekli deneysel desen ve AB modeli çerçevesinde yapılandırılmıştır. Araştırma verileri, 2024-2025 öğretim yılında Trabzon'un Yomra ilçesindeki bir özel eğitim okulunda öğrenim gören orta düzey zihinsel engelli üç katılımcıdan elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada veri toplama araçları olarak 'Güçler ve Güçlükler Anketi' ve 'Kişisel Bilgi Formu' tercih edilmiştir. Bu araştırmadailk olarak bir pilot uygulama yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın asıl uygulama kısmını ise davranış ve uyum sorunları olan iki ve sosyal problemleri olan bir katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Uygulamalara başlanmadan önce kararlılık verileri alınmış, uygulama aşamasında ise her seanstan sonra katılımcıların öğretmenlerine Güçler ve Güçlükler anketi uygulanarak veriler toplanmıştır. Bunun dışında uygulamadan sonraki 1. ay ve 3. ay sonrasında izleme verileri toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler grafiksel analiz yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Sonrasında etkililik verilerinin analizinde Tau-U indeksi kullanılmıştır. Bu indekse ait etki analizleri 'singlecaseresearch' hesaplama aracı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Uygulama güvenirliği verileri alanında uzman iki gözlemci tarafında elde edilmiş ve uygulamanın güvenilir olduğu verisi ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre çocuk merkezli oyun terapisinin orta düzey zihin engellilerin sosyal beceri ve davranışsal problemleri üzerinde etkisi bulunmaktadır. Davranış problemlerini azaltmada orta düzey etkili, sosyal becerilerin artışında ise çok yüksek düzey etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Müdahale sonrasında davranış sorunlarında gözlenen azalma ve sosyal becerilerdeki artış, takip sürecinin birinci ve üçüncü aylarında yapılan değerlendirmelerde belirgin şekilde süreklilik göstermiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, alan yazınındaki ilgili bulgularla karşılaştırılarak yorumlanmış ve bu bulgular ışığında çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Orta Düzey Zihinsel Engelli Çocuk, Çocuk Merkezli Oyun Terapisi, Davranışsal Problemler, Sosyal Beceri
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of child-centered play therapy on the behavioral problems and social skill levels of children with moderate intellectual disabilities. To this end, the researcher applied 8-10 sessions of child-centered play therapy to examine this effect. Designed as a quantitative study, this research was structured within the framework of a single-subject experimental design and the AB model. The research data were obtained from three participants with moderate intellectual disabilities who were enrolled in a special education school in the Yomra district of Trabzon during the 2024-2025 academic year. The 'Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire' and the 'Personal Information Form' were preferred as data collection tools in the study. A pilot application was first conducted in this research. The main application part of the study consists of two participants with behavioral and adjustment problems and one participant with social problems. Before the applications began, commitment data were collected, and during the application phase, data were collected by administering the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to the participants' teachers after each session. In addition, follow-up data were collected one month and three months after the application. The collected data were analyzed using graphical analysis. Subsequently, the Tau-U index was used in the analysis of effectiveness data. The effect analyses for this index were performed using the 'singlecaseresearch' calculation tool. The application reliability data were obtained by two expert observers, and the reliability of the application was demonstrated. According to the findings of the study, child-centered play therapy has an effect on the social skills and behavioral problems of individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities. It was found to be moderately effective in reducing behavioral problems and highly effective in improving social skills. The reduction in behavioral problems and improvement in social skills observed after the intervention showed clear continuity in the assessments conducted in the first and third months of the follow-up period. The study results were interpreted in comparison with relevant findings in the literature, and various recommendations were made in light of these findings. Keywords: Children with Moderate Intellectual Disabilities, Child-Centered Play Therapy, Behavioral Problems, Social Skills
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of child-centered play therapy on the behavioral problems and social skill levels of children with moderate intellectual disabilities. To this end, the researcher applied 8-10 sessions of child-centered play therapy to examine this effect. Designed as a quantitative study, this research was structured within the framework of a single-subject experimental design and the AB model. The research data were obtained from three participants with moderate intellectual disabilities who were enrolled in a special education school in the Yomra district of Trabzon during the 2024-2025 academic year. The 'Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire' and the 'Personal Information Form' were preferred as data collection tools in the study. A pilot application was first conducted in this research. The main application part of the study consists of two participants with behavioral and adjustment problems and one participant with social problems. Before the applications began, commitment data were collected, and during the application phase, data were collected by administering the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to the participants' teachers after each session. In addition, follow-up data were collected one month and three months after the application. The collected data were analyzed using graphical analysis. Subsequently, the Tau-U index was used in the analysis of effectiveness data. The effect analyses for this index were performed using the 'singlecaseresearch' calculation tool. The application reliability data were obtained by two expert observers, and the reliability of the application was demonstrated. According to the findings of the study, child-centered play therapy has an effect on the social skills and behavioral problems of individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities. It was found to be moderately effective in reducing behavioral problems and highly effective in improving social skills. The reduction in behavioral problems and improvement in social skills observed after the intervention showed clear continuity in the assessments conducted in the first and third months of the follow-up period. The study results were interpreted in comparison with relevant findings in the literature, and various recommendations were made in light of these findings. Keywords: Children with Moderate Intellectual Disabilities, Child-Centered Play Therapy, Behavioral Problems, Social Skills
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