Özel Eğitim Anaokullarındaki Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Süreçlerine İlişkin Öğretmenlerin ve Ebeveynlerin Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Özel Eğitim Anaokullarındaki Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Süreçlerine İlişkin Öğretmenlerin ve Ebeveynlerin Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
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Abstract
Bu çalışmada özel eğitim anaokullarındaki ölçme ve değerlendirme süreçlerine ilişkin ebeveynlerin ve öğretmenlerin görüşlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji deseni ile yürütülen çalışmanın katılımcıları uygun örneklem yöntemi ile seçilmiştir. Katılımcı grubunu 10 özel eğitim öğretmeni ve 10 ebeveyn olmak üzere toplam 20 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerle toplanan verilerin analizinde betimsel analizi teknkiği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında özel eğitim anaokullarındaki ölçme ve değerlendirme süreçlerinde mevcut durum ve uygulamalara yönelik elde edilen bulgulara göre özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin ölçme ve değerlendirme süreçlerinin başında kaba değerlendirmeler yaptığı ve kaba değerlendirmelerin Bireyselleştirilmiş Eğitim Planı [BEP] oluşturma sürecini şekillendirdiği, ölçme ve değerlendirme aracı olarak genellikle kazanım kontrol listelerini kullandıkları görülmüştür. Öğretmenler mevcut durum ve uygulamalarda ebeveynlerle öğrenci performansı için işbirliği yaptıklarını belirtmiş ve genelde haftada bir kez görüştüklerini iletmiştir. Mevcut durum ve uygulamalarda ebeveynler, sürecin BEP yoluyla şekillendiğini ve öğretmenlerin daha çok gözlem kullandığını belirtmiştir. Ebeveynler öğretmenlerle daha çok öğrenci performansını belirlemek için işbirliği yaptıklarını ve genelde haftada bir kez görüştüklerini iletmiştir. Mevcut durum ve uygulamalara yönelik elde edilen sonuçlara göre ebeveyn ve öğretmenlerin ölçme ve değerlendirme süreçlerinin şekillendirilmesi konusunda farklı görüşlerde olduğu görülmüştür. Özel eğitim anaokullarındaki ölçme ve değerlendirme süreçlerinde öğretmenler genellikle mesleki deneyim eksikliği ve değerlendirme materyallerine ulaşma konusunda güçlük yaşamakta ve ebeveynlerin sürece yeteri biçimde katılmadıklarını düşünmektedirler. Ebeveynler ise çocuklarına karşı yetememe duygusu içinde olduklarını ve değerlendirme materyallerine ulaşmada güçlük yaşadıklarını söylemiştir. Ölçme ve değerlendirme sürecinde yaşanan güçlüklere yönelik elde edilen bulgulara göre ebeveyn ve öğretmenlerin materyallere ulaşma güçlüğü ve sınıf mevcutlarında yaşanan güçlükler gibi benzer yönde görüşlere sahip oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Özel eğitim anaokullarındaki ölçme ve değerlendirme süreçlerine yönelik beklentiler ve öneriler incelendiğinde özel eğitim öğretmenleri öğretmenler arası iletişimin iyi olması, ebeveynlerin sürece aktif katılması ve ebeveyn eğitimleri düzenlenmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunmuştur. Ebeveynler ise sınıf mevcutlarının uygun biçimde düzenlenmesi, uygun öğretmen tutumları olması gerektiğini ve ebeveyn eğitimleri düzenlenmesi gerektiğini vurgulamıştır. Ölçme ve değerlendirme süreçlerine yönelik hem ebeveynler hem de öğretmenler ebeveyn eğitimleri ile ilgili benzer görüşler sunmuştur.
The aim of this research is examine the views of parents and teachers on measurement and evaluation processes in special education kindergartens. İn this study, which was conducted with the phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, were selected by convenient sampling method. A total of 20 people including 10 special education teachers and 10 parents constitute the participant group. Research data were obtained through semi-structured interviews. Descriptive analysis technique was used to analyze the data collected through semi-structured interviews. According to the findings obtained within the scope of the study regarding the current situation and practices in the measurement and evaluation processes in special education kindergartens, it was observed that special education teachers made rough assessments at the beginning of the measurement and evaluation processes and that rough assessments shaped the İndividualized Education Plan [IEP] creation process, and that they generally used achievement checklists as measurement and evaluation tools. Teachers stated that they cooperated with parents for student performance in the current situation and practices and pointed out that they usually met once a week. In the current situation and practices, parents stated that the process was shaped through the IEP and that teachers used more observations. Parents reported that they collaborate with teachers mostly to determine student performance and that they usually meet once a week. According to the results obtained for the current situation and practices, it was seen that parents and teachers had different views on the shaping of the measurement and evaluation processes. In the assessment and evaluation processes in special education kindergartens, teachers generally lack professional experience and have difficulties in accessing assessment materials, and they think that parents are not sufficiently involved in the process. Parents, on the other hand, stated that they had a sense of inadequacy towards their children and had difficulties in accessing assessment materials. According to the findings obtained regarding the difficulties experienced in the measurement and evaluation process, it was concluded that parents and teachers had similar opinions such as difficulties in accessing materials and difficulties in class size. When the expectations and suggestions for measurement and evaluation processes in special education kindergartens were examined, special education teachers made suggestions for good communication between teachers, active participation of parents in the process and organization of parent trainings. Parents, on the other hand, emphasized that class sizes should be organized appropriately, appropriate teacher attitudes should be present and parent trainings should be organized. Regarding measurement and evaluation processes, both parents and teachers expressed similar opinions about parent trainings.
The aim of this research is examine the views of parents and teachers on measurement and evaluation processes in special education kindergartens. İn this study, which was conducted with the phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, were selected by convenient sampling method. A total of 20 people including 10 special education teachers and 10 parents constitute the participant group. Research data were obtained through semi-structured interviews. Descriptive analysis technique was used to analyze the data collected through semi-structured interviews. According to the findings obtained within the scope of the study regarding the current situation and practices in the measurement and evaluation processes in special education kindergartens, it was observed that special education teachers made rough assessments at the beginning of the measurement and evaluation processes and that rough assessments shaped the İndividualized Education Plan [IEP] creation process, and that they generally used achievement checklists as measurement and evaluation tools. Teachers stated that they cooperated with parents for student performance in the current situation and practices and pointed out that they usually met once a week. In the current situation and practices, parents stated that the process was shaped through the IEP and that teachers used more observations. Parents reported that they collaborate with teachers mostly to determine student performance and that they usually meet once a week. According to the results obtained for the current situation and practices, it was seen that parents and teachers had different views on the shaping of the measurement and evaluation processes. In the assessment and evaluation processes in special education kindergartens, teachers generally lack professional experience and have difficulties in accessing assessment materials, and they think that parents are not sufficiently involved in the process. Parents, on the other hand, stated that they had a sense of inadequacy towards their children and had difficulties in accessing assessment materials. According to the findings obtained regarding the difficulties experienced in the measurement and evaluation process, it was concluded that parents and teachers had similar opinions such as difficulties in accessing materials and difficulties in class size. When the expectations and suggestions for measurement and evaluation processes in special education kindergartens were examined, special education teachers made suggestions for good communication between teachers, active participation of parents in the process and organization of parent trainings. Parents, on the other hand, emphasized that class sizes should be organized appropriately, appropriate teacher attitudes should be present and parent trainings should be organized. Regarding measurement and evaluation processes, both parents and teachers expressed similar opinions about parent trainings.
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