Classroom Applications of Primary Mathematics Teachers Regarding Assessment Literacy
Classroom Applications of Primary Mathematics Teachers Regarding Assessment Literacy
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Abstract
Ölçme ve değerlendirme eğitim-öğretimin vazgeçilmez bileşenlerinden biridir. Eğitim öğretimde belirlenen hedeflerin ne oranda gerçekleştiği ve ileriye yönelik alınacak tedbirler ölçme ve değerlendirme faaliyetleri ile belirlenir. Bu konuda eğitim- öğretimin uygulayıcısı olan öğretmenlerin rolü büyüktür. Öğretmenlerin uyguladığı ölçme ve değerlendirme faaliyetlerinin niteliği arttıkça eğitimin de kalitesi artacaktır. Bu gerçekten hareketle bu çalışmada ilköğretim matematik öğretmenlerinin ölçme değerlendirme okuryazarlıklarının pratikteki uygulamaları (ölçme ve değerlendirmede sunulan içeriğin niteliği ile dönüt verme) bağlamında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada betimsel yöntemlerden biri olan örnek olay (durum çalışması) kullanılmıştır. Çalışma 0-10 yıl arası deneyime sahip 6 ilköğretim matematik öğretmeni ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcı 6 öğretmenin her biri en az 6 ders saati boyunca gözlenmiş ve bu dersler video kamera ile kayıt altına alınmıştır. Araştırmacının gözlemler esnasında aldığı alan notları dışında sınıf içi gözlemlere ait kayıtlar farklı zamanlarda iki farklı bakış açısıyla (sınıf içi ölçme ve değerlendirme görevleri, öğretmen dönütleri) incelenmiş ve transkript edilmiştir. Öğretmenin sınıf içi ölçme ve değerlendirme uygulamalarının niteliği (otantiklik açısından) Koh'un (2011) teorik çerçevesi, öğretmenin sınıf içinde kullandığı dönüt tipleri ise Gamlem ve Smith'in (2013) teorik çerçevesi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar ilköğretim matematik öğretmenlerinin sınıf içinde kullandıkları ölçme ve değerlendirme görevlerinin gerçekçi bir niteliğe sahip olmadığını göstermiştir. Öğretmenler derslerinde en çok işlemsel bilgi gerektiren ölçme ve değerlendirme görevleri kullanmıştır. Bununla birlikte problem çözme, üst düzey düşünme, bilginin eleştirisi, yeni bilgi üretme ve ayrıntılı yazılı iletişim gerektiren ölçme ve değerlendirme görevlerine ise daha az yer vermişlerdir. İlköğretim matematik öğretmenleri farklı bilgi kaynakları kullanımı ve sınıf ötesinde dünya ile bağlantı kurmayı gerektiren ölçme ve değerlendirme görevlerine ise derslerinde hiç yer vermemiştir. Yine çalışmanın sonuçları öğretmenlerin daha çok değerlendirici dönütler kullandıkları, öğrencilerin gelişimini destekleyici betimleyici dönütleri yeterince kullanmadıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmanın sonunda incelenen alanlarda becerilerin geliştirilmesi için hizmet içi eğitim kurslarının açılması önerilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: İlköğretim Matematik Öğretmeni, Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Okuryazarlığı, Otantik Değerlendirme, Dönüt Türleri
Assessment literacy is one of the indispensable components of education. The realization of the goals determined in education and the measures to be taken for the future are determined by assessment activities. Teachers, who are the practitioners of education and training, have a great role in this subject. As the quality of assessment activities applied by teachers increases, the quality of education will also increase. Based on this fact, this study aimed to examine the assessment literacy of primary school mathematics teachers in the context of their practical applications (the quality of the content presented in assessment and giving feedback). In this study, one of the descriptive methods, a case study (case study) was used. The study was conducted with 6 primary school mathematics teachers with 0-10 years of experience. Each of the 6 participating teachers was observed for at least 6 lesson hours and these lessons were recorded with a video camera. Apart from the field notes taken by the researcher during the observations, the records of classroom observations were examined and transcribed from two different perspectives (classroom assessment tasks, teacher feedback) at different times. The quality of the teacher's classroom assessment task practices (in terms of authenticity) were analyzed using Koh's (2011) theoretical framework, and the types of feedback used by the teacher in the classroom were analyzed using the theoretical framework of Gamlem and Smith (2013). The results obtained from the study showed that the assessment tasks used by primary school mathematics teachers in the classroom do not have a realistic quality. Teachers mostly used assessment tasks that required operational knowledge in their lessons. On the other hand, they gave less place to assessment tasks that require problem solving, higher order thinking, criticizing knowledge, generating new knowledge and detailed written communication. Primary school mathematics teachers, on the other hand, did not include assessment tasks that require the use of different information sources and making connections with the world beyond the classroom. Again, the results of the study revealed that teachers mostly used evaluative feedbacks and did not use descriptive feedbacks that support students' development adequately. At the end of the study, in-service training courses were proposed to develop skills in the areas examined. Keywords: Primary Mathematics Teacher, Assessment Literacy, Authentic Assessment, Types of Feedback
Assessment literacy is one of the indispensable components of education. The realization of the goals determined in education and the measures to be taken for the future are determined by assessment activities. Teachers, who are the practitioners of education and training, have a great role in this subject. As the quality of assessment activities applied by teachers increases, the quality of education will also increase. Based on this fact, this study aimed to examine the assessment literacy of primary school mathematics teachers in the context of their practical applications (the quality of the content presented in assessment and giving feedback). In this study, one of the descriptive methods, a case study (case study) was used. The study was conducted with 6 primary school mathematics teachers with 0-10 years of experience. Each of the 6 participating teachers was observed for at least 6 lesson hours and these lessons were recorded with a video camera. Apart from the field notes taken by the researcher during the observations, the records of classroom observations were examined and transcribed from two different perspectives (classroom assessment tasks, teacher feedback) at different times. The quality of the teacher's classroom assessment task practices (in terms of authenticity) were analyzed using Koh's (2011) theoretical framework, and the types of feedback used by the teacher in the classroom were analyzed using the theoretical framework of Gamlem and Smith (2013). The results obtained from the study showed that the assessment tasks used by primary school mathematics teachers in the classroom do not have a realistic quality. Teachers mostly used assessment tasks that required operational knowledge in their lessons. On the other hand, they gave less place to assessment tasks that require problem solving, higher order thinking, criticizing knowledge, generating new knowledge and detailed written communication. Primary school mathematics teachers, on the other hand, did not include assessment tasks that require the use of different information sources and making connections with the world beyond the classroom. Again, the results of the study revealed that teachers mostly used evaluative feedbacks and did not use descriptive feedbacks that support students' development adequately. At the end of the study, in-service training courses were proposed to develop skills in the areas examined. Keywords: Primary Mathematics Teacher, Assessment Literacy, Authentic Assessment, Types of Feedback
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Keywords
Matematik Eğitimi, Mathematics Teaching, Matematik Öğretimi, Ölçme-değerlendirme, Mathematics Education, İlköğretim Okulları, Primary Education Teachers, Measurement and Evaluation, İlköğretim Öğretmenleri, Öğretmenler, Branş Öğretmenleri, Sınıf Içi Çalışmalar, Assessment Literacy, Branch Teachers, Teachers, Education and Training, Primary Education Schools, In-Class Works, Eğitim ve Öğretim, Değerlendirme Okuryazarlığı
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