Tefsirin Gayesi ve İşlevi: İbn Âşûr’a Göre Kur’an Lafızlarında Anlam Genişlemesinin İmkân ve Sınırları
Tefsirin Gayesi ve İşlevi: İbn Âşûr’a Göre Kur’an Lafızlarında Anlam Genişlemesinin İmkân ve Sınırları
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Abstract
İnsanlığa gönderilmiş son ilâhî mesaj olan Kur’ân-ı Kerîm, kıyamete dek kendisine tabi olanları dünya ve âhiret saadetine ulaştıracak geniş bir muhtevaya sahiptir. Kur’an’ın; geçmişi-geleceği, gizli-aşikâr her şeyi bilen, sonsuz ilim sahibi Allah’a ait bir kelâm olması da bu iddianın en açık delilidir. İlahî kelâm, dil ve üslup bakımından bu muhtevayı muhataplarına aktaracak güçlü bir anlatıma sahiptir. Kur’an lafızlarını mânaya delaleti yönüyle ele alıp inceleyen tefsir ilmi, tarih boyunca Allah’ın murâdına karşılık gelen bu zengin muhtevayı muhatapların idrakine sunmayı gaye edinmiştir. Ancak; tefsir literatürü içerisinde âyetlere ilişkin aktarılan her yorumu murâd-ı ilâhînin beyanı kapsamında değerlendirmek de doğru değildir. Zira bu bilgilerden bazısı doğrudan âyette kast edilen mânayı açıklamaya yönelik iken; bazısı ise âyetteki kastın muhatabın zihninde iyice yer etmesi için farklı ilimlerin örneklerinden yararlanılarak detaylandırılmasından ibarettir. Bu çerçevede Kur’an lafızlarından çıkarılan anlamların murâd-ı ilâhî ile ilişkisine dair yapılacak tespit ve değerlendirmeler, tefsir ilminin işlevini belirleyecektir. Son dönemde özellikle Arap dili, tefsir ve fıkıh alanındaki eserleriyle dikkatleri üzerine çeken Muhammed et-Tâhir İbn Âşûr (ö. 1973), kaleme aldığı hacimli tefsiri et-Tahrîr ve’t-tenvîr’in girişinde tefsir ilminin gayesi ve işlevi bağlamında Kur’an lafızlarında anlam genişlemesinin imkân ve sınırlarına dair önemli tespitlerde bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede İbn Âşûr’un konuyla ilgili ortaya koyduğu ve tefsirde metodoloji arayışlarına öneri olarak sunulabilecek tespitler ve değerlendirmeler analiz edilmiştir.
Since the Qur’ān is the last divine message sent to mankind, it has a wide content that will bring those who are subordinated to it (self) to happiness in the world and in the hereafter from the day that the process of sending of revelation had been completed to the day of judgment. For, in terms of both the word and the meaning, the fact that the Qur’ān is the word belonging to Allah who knows all things whether they are in the past or future, hid den or obvious and has infinite knowledge is the clearest proof of this claim. The Qur’ān has a strong expression that will convey this content to its interlocutors in terms of language and wording. The science of tafsir, which examines the Qur’anic words in terms of the signification of meaning, aims to present this rich content that corresponds to the desire of Allah throughout the history. However, it will not be right to evaluate every information that had been declared with regard to the verses in tafsir literature within the desire of Allah. Indeed, some of these information has the aim to explain the meaning of the verse, while some of them consist of being detailed of the intention in the mind of the interlocutor from benefiting different examples of the sciences. In this context, the determinations and evaluations regarding the relationship between the meanings of the Qur’ānic words and the divinely aim will determine the function of the exegesis. Recently, especially with his works in Arabic language, tafsir and fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) Muhammed al-Tāhir Ibn Āshūr (d. 1973), in the rich context of the purpose and function of tafsir in the introduction of voluminous commentary al-Tahrīr wa al-Tanwīr makes important determinations about the possibilities and limits of the expansion of meaning. In this article, these determinations and evaluations which Ibn Āshūr puts forward on the subject and which can be presented as a suggestion for the search for methodology in exegesis will be analyzed.
Since the Qur’ān is the last divine message sent to mankind, it has a wide content that will bring those who are subordinated to it (self) to happiness in the world and in the hereafter from the day that the process of sending of revelation had been completed to the day of judgment. For, in terms of both the word and the meaning, the fact that the Qur’ān is the word belonging to Allah who knows all things whether they are in the past or future, hid den or obvious and has infinite knowledge is the clearest proof of this claim. The Qur’ān has a strong expression that will convey this content to its interlocutors in terms of language and wording. The science of tafsir, which examines the Qur’anic words in terms of the signification of meaning, aims to present this rich content that corresponds to the desire of Allah throughout the history. However, it will not be right to evaluate every information that had been declared with regard to the verses in tafsir literature within the desire of Allah. Indeed, some of these information has the aim to explain the meaning of the verse, while some of them consist of being detailed of the intention in the mind of the interlocutor from benefiting different examples of the sciences. In this context, the determinations and evaluations regarding the relationship between the meanings of the Qur’ānic words and the divinely aim will determine the function of the exegesis. Recently, especially with his works in Arabic language, tafsir and fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) Muhammed al-Tāhir Ibn Āshūr (d. 1973), in the rich context of the purpose and function of tafsir in the introduction of voluminous commentary al-Tahrīr wa al-Tanwīr makes important determinations about the possibilities and limits of the expansion of meaning. In this article, these determinations and evaluations which Ibn Āshūr puts forward on the subject and which can be presented as a suggestion for the search for methodology in exegesis will be analyzed.
Description
ORCID
Fields of Science
06 humanities and the arts, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q

OpenCitations Citation Count
2
Source
Volume
7
Issue
1
Start Page
127
End Page
160
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