Osmanlı Matbuatında Önemli Bir Yayın Türü: Özel Kişi ve Kuruluşlarca Hazırlanan Takvimler (1876-1909)
Osmanlı Matbuatında Önemli Bir Yayın Türü: Özel Kişi ve Kuruluşlarca Hazırlanan Takvimler (1876-1909)
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Abstract
Osmanlı’nın erken dönemlerinden itibaren halkın aşina olduğu, müneccimbaşılar tarafından hazırlanan ve varlığını devletin resmî bünyesinde -saray ve çevresinde- muhafaza eden takvim türü, Batı ile iletişim ve etkileşim sonrasında gelişmeye/çeşitlenmeye başlamıştır. Bu değişimin bir neticesi ve dönem neşriyatının yeni bir üyesi, özel kişi ve kuruluşlarca oluşturulan takvimlerdir. II. Abdülhamid döneminden itibaren matbu takvim sayısında hızlı bir artış meydana gelmiş, Türkçe, Arapça, Fransızca, Sırpça, Ermenice, Rumca, İbranice, İspanyolca, Bulgarca dillerinde pek çok takvim hazırlanmıştır. Modern tarih araştırmalarında tarihlendirme yöntemine dair çalışmalar yer almasına rağmen, Osmanlı’da tab‘ edilen takvimleri konu edinen az sayıda inceleme bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca güncel literatürde takvim kavramının çok anlamlı kullanımı, birtakım problemlere de neden olmaktadır. Çalışmamızın temel gayesi, özel kişi ve kuruluşlarca oluşturulan takvimlere yönelik bütünleyici, tasnif edici bilgiler sunabilmek; hazırlandıkları dönem içerisinde önemli bir matbuat türü olduğunu vurgulayabilmektir. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle modern araştırmalarda takvim kelimesinin çok anlamlı kullanımının oluşturduğu problemler tespit edilmiş ve sorunun çözümüne yönelik bir teklif sunulmuştur. Daha sonra takvim, salnâme ve almanak türü eserler arasındaki ilişkiye değinilmiştir. Son olarak Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri ışığında –II. Abdülhamid dönemi ile sınırlandırılarak- özel kişi ve kuruluşlarca takvim neşir hareketliliği incelenmiş, bu eserlerin baskı sayıları, boyut, fiyat ve içeriklerine yönelik birtakım bilgiler sunulmuş, dönem içerisinde hazırlanan takvimlerin listesini içeren bir tablo eklenmiştir.
The type of calendar which was familiarized by the public from the early Ottoman period and preserved in the official structure of the state -in the palace and its surroundings, began to change/diversify through communication and interaction with the West. A result of this change and a new member of the periodical publications are the calendars created by private individuals and organizations. Starting from the reign of Abdulhamid II, there had been a rapid increase in the number of printed calendars, and they had been prepared in languages such as Turkish, Arabic, French, Serbian, Armenian, Greek, Hebrew, Spanish, Bulgarian, etc. Although there are various works on the dating methods in modern historical studies, there are only a few researches that focus on the calendars printed in the Otto-man Empire. In addition, the very meaningful use of the concept of calendar in the current literature, causes some problems. The main purpose of the study is to provide complementary and classifying information for the calendars created by private individuals and organizations; to emphasize that it was an important type of press in the period they were prepared. In this direction, first of all, the problem created by the very meaningful use of the word calendar in modern research has been tried to be revealed and a proposal for the solution of the problem has been presented. Then its relationship with the salname (annual) and almanac types was touched upon. Later in the light of Ottoman archive documents – by limiting with the period of Abdulhamid II- the calendar publication activity was examined, some information was presented about the number of prints, size, price, and content of the calendars created by private individuals and organizations, and a table containing the list of published calendars was prepared.
The type of calendar which was familiarized by the public from the early Ottoman period and preserved in the official structure of the state -in the palace and its surroundings, began to change/diversify through communication and interaction with the West. A result of this change and a new member of the periodical publications are the calendars created by private individuals and organizations. Starting from the reign of Abdulhamid II, there had been a rapid increase in the number of printed calendars, and they had been prepared in languages such as Turkish, Arabic, French, Serbian, Armenian, Greek, Hebrew, Spanish, Bulgarian, etc. Although there are various works on the dating methods in modern historical studies, there are only a few researches that focus on the calendars printed in the Otto-man Empire. In addition, the very meaningful use of the concept of calendar in the current literature, causes some problems. The main purpose of the study is to provide complementary and classifying information for the calendars created by private individuals and organizations; to emphasize that it was an important type of press in the period they were prepared. In this direction, first of all, the problem created by the very meaningful use of the word calendar in modern research has been tried to be revealed and a proposal for the solution of the problem has been presented. Then its relationship with the salname (annual) and almanac types was touched upon. Later in the light of Ottoman archive documents – by limiting with the period of Abdulhamid II- the calendar publication activity was examined, some information was presented about the number of prints, size, price, and content of the calendars created by private individuals and organizations, and a table containing the list of published calendars was prepared.
Description
ORCID
Fields of Science
0601 history and archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
9
Issue
1
Start Page
269
End Page
307
Collections
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