Sağlık Turizminde İletişim: Kamu Hastanesinde Hizmet Verenler ve Hizmet Alanlar Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma
Sağlık Turizminde İletişim: Kamu Hastanesinde Hizmet Verenler ve Hizmet Alanlar Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma
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Abstract
Günümüz modern dünyasında seyahat olanaklarının artması, ülkeler arasında yapılan iş birlikleri, bilgiye ve profesyonel hizmete ulaşmanın kolaylaşması gibi nedenlere bağlı olarak turizm amaçlarında çeşitlilikler gözlenmektedir, bunlardan biri de sağlık turizmidir. Sağlık turizmi en genel tanımıyla ikamet edilen ülkeden sağlık hizmeti alma amacıyla başka bir ülkeye yapılan seyahatleri ifade etmektedir. İnsanlık tarihi boyunca sağlık alanında yapılan çalışmalar önemini korumuş, sürekli gelişim göstermiştir. Bu nedenle farklı ülkelerde değişik alternatifler de geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Dünyanın farklı ülkelerinde kaliteli sağlık hizmetinin gelişmesi ve ucuzlaşması, çeşitli sağlık turizmi tanıtım kampanyaları gibi etkenler kişileri sağlık turizmine yönlendirmektedir. Bu bağlamda sağlık hizmetlerinin kapsam yönüyle en yoğun uygulama alanı olarak hastanelerde yabancı hasta hizmetlerinin nasıl sağlandığı, iletişim yeterliliği, dil yetkinliği gibi konuların betimlenerek ortaya koyulması hedeflenmiştir. Kamu hastanelerindeki durumun tespiti konusunda literatürde yer alan boşluktan hareketle bu çalışmada bir kamu hastanesi (RTEÜ Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi) örneklem olarak seçilerek, nitel bir araştırma ile birlikte kurum içi çalışanlardan ve kurumdan hizmet alan yabancı hastalardan nitel araştırma veri toplama tekniklerinden görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak, yüzyüze görüşmeler ile toplanan veriyle hasta iletişimi kavramı hakkında algıları betimlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Görüşmeden elde edilen veri ortak bir tema etrafında toplanmıştır. Benzer çalışmaların özel hastane düzeyinde yapılıp bu çalışmanın kamu hastanesinde yapılması ve iletişim problemleri üzerine odaklanılması araştırmanın özgünlüğünü oluşturmaktadır. Sağlık hizmetlerinde yabancı hastalarla gerçekleşen iletişim sürecinde çözümlenmeye çalışılan veya çözümlenmesine gerek görülen durumun empati olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Baştan sona karar verme, bilgilendirme, yorumlama ve müzakereci olma unsurlarıyla doktor-hasta iletişiminde önemli bir rol üstlenen sağlık turizmi birimlerinin hastanelerdeki tüm personelin yabancı dil yetersizliğindeki açığını kapatma konusunda önemli bir birim olduğu görülmüştür. Bulgulara göre sağlık turizmine yönelik hizmet veren kurumlarda en büyük iletişim engelinin dil kaynaklı olduğu ve sağlık hizmetleri personelinin sağlık turizmi birimine yönelik algısının olumlu olduğu, sağlık hizmetlerine katkılarının pozitif yönde ilerlediğini söylemek de mümkündür.
In today's modern world, due to reasons such as increasing travel opportunities, cooperation between countries, and easier access to information and professional services, there are diversifications in tourism purposes, one of which is health tourism. Health tourism, in its most general definition, refers to travels from the country of residence to another country for the purpose of receiving health services. Studies in the field of health have maintained their importance and have continuously developed throughout human history. For this reason, different alternatives have been tried to be developed in different countries. Factors such as the development and cheapening of quality health services in different countries of the world, various health tourism promotion campaigns direct people to health tourism. In this context, it is aimed to describe and reveal issues such as how foreign patient services are provided in hospitals, which are the most intensive application areas in terms of scope of health services, communication competence, and language competence. Based on the gap in the literature on the determination of the situation in public hospitals (RTEÜ Training and Research Hospital), a public hospital was selected as a sample in this study, and with a qualitative research, face-to-face interviews were used from in-house employees and foreign patients receiving service from the institution, and the data collected through qualitative research data collection techniques, the interview method, were used to describe the perceptions of the concept of patient communication. The data obtained from the interviews were gathered around a common theme. The originality of the study is that similar studies were conducted at the private hospital level, while this study was conducted in a public hospital, and focused on communication problems. It was concluded that the situation that was tried to be solved or needed to be solved in the communication process with foreign patients in health services was empathy. It was observed that health tourism units, which play an important role in doctor-patient communication with the elements of decision-making, informing, interpreting and negotiating from beginning to end, are an important unit in closing the gap in foreign language deficiency of all personnel in hospitals. According to the findings, it is also possible to say that the biggest communication barrier in institutions providing services for health tourism is language-based, and that the perception of health service personnel towards the health tourism unit is positive, and that their contributions to health services are progressing in a positive direction.
In today's modern world, due to reasons such as increasing travel opportunities, cooperation between countries, and easier access to information and professional services, there are diversifications in tourism purposes, one of which is health tourism. Health tourism, in its most general definition, refers to travels from the country of residence to another country for the purpose of receiving health services. Studies in the field of health have maintained their importance and have continuously developed throughout human history. For this reason, different alternatives have been tried to be developed in different countries. Factors such as the development and cheapening of quality health services in different countries of the world, various health tourism promotion campaigns direct people to health tourism. In this context, it is aimed to describe and reveal issues such as how foreign patient services are provided in hospitals, which are the most intensive application areas in terms of scope of health services, communication competence, and language competence. Based on the gap in the literature on the determination of the situation in public hospitals (RTEÜ Training and Research Hospital), a public hospital was selected as a sample in this study, and with a qualitative research, face-to-face interviews were used from in-house employees and foreign patients receiving service from the institution, and the data collected through qualitative research data collection techniques, the interview method, were used to describe the perceptions of the concept of patient communication. The data obtained from the interviews were gathered around a common theme. The originality of the study is that similar studies were conducted at the private hospital level, while this study was conducted in a public hospital, and focused on communication problems. It was concluded that the situation that was tried to be solved or needed to be solved in the communication process with foreign patients in health services was empathy. It was observed that health tourism units, which play an important role in doctor-patient communication with the elements of decision-making, informing, interpreting and negotiating from beginning to end, are an important unit in closing the gap in foreign language deficiency of all personnel in hospitals. According to the findings, it is also possible to say that the biggest communication barrier in institutions providing services for health tourism is language-based, and that the perception of health service personnel towards the health tourism unit is positive, and that their contributions to health services are progressing in a positive direction.
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