Yeni Delillerin Ortaya Çıkması Sebebiyle Yargılamanın Aleyhe Yenilenmesi
Yeni Delillerin Ortaya Çıkması Sebebiyle Yargılamanın Aleyhe Yenilenmesi
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Abstract
Yargılamanın yenilenmesi olağanüstü kanun yollarından biridir. Kesinleşmiş bir hü- kümle sonuçlanmış olan davanın yenilenebilmesi için kanunda sayılan hallerin gerçekleşmiş olması gerekmektedir. Bu hallerin dışında yargılamanın yenilenebilmesi mümkün değildir. Hükümlü veya sanık aleyhine yargılamanın yenilenmesi hallerine ilişkin olarak Türk ve Al- man Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunlarındaki düzenlemelere bakıldığında yargılamanın yenilenebi- leceği haller benzerlik göstermektedir. Alman Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’na (Alm. CMK(***)) 21.12.2021 tarihinde eklenip 30.12.2021 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren düzenlemeyle yargılama- nın yenilenebileceği hallere bir yenisi daha eklenmiştir. Yeni düzenleme uyarınca bazı suçlar özelinde beraat etmiş kişi hakkında yeni delillerin ortaya çıkması halinde yargılamanın aleyhe yenilenmesi söz konusu olacaktır. Yeni düzenlemeyle ortaya çıkan sorun düzenlemenin ne bis in idem ilkesine uygun olup olmadığıdır. İlke her ne kadar TC Anayasası’nda açıkça düzenlenmemiş olsa bile CMK ve AİHS 7 No.lu Ek Protokol’de düzenlenmiştir. Alman hukuk sisteminde ise bu ilke Alman Anayasası m. 103/3’te düzenlenmiştir. Bu açık düzenlemelere rağmen Alm. CMK’ya eklenen yargılamanın yenilenmesi nedeninin aynı fiilden dolayı birden fazla yargılama olmaz ilkesi- ne uygun olup olmadığı tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu yargılamanın yenilenmesi nedeni ve ne bis in idem ilkesi ile uygunluğu öğretideki görüşler ve yargı kararları ışığında değerlendirilecektir.
Renewal of judgement is one of the extraordinary remedies. In order to renew a case that has been concluded with a finalised judgement, the conditions listed in the law must be fulfilled. Apart from these cases, it is not possible to renew the trial. When the provisions of the Turkish and German Criminal Procedure Codes regarding the renewal of the trial against the convicted or accused are compared, it is seen that the situations in which the trial can be renewed are similar. However, with the new regulation added to the German Criminal Procedure Code on 21.12.2021 and entered into force on 30.12.2021, a new one has been added to the cases where the trial can be renewed. Pursuant to this new regulation, in the event of the emergence of new evidence against the person acquitted of certain offences, the trial may be renewed against the person. The problem that arises with this new regulation is whether the regulation is in compliance with the principle of ne bis in idem. Although the principle of ne bis in idem, which means that a case cannot be filed and tried more than once for the same act, is not explicitly regulated in the Turkish Constitution, this principle is regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code and the ECHR Additional Protocol No. 7. In the German legal system, this principle is regulated in Article 103/3 of the German Constitution. Despite these clear regulations, the new provisions added to the German Code of Criminal Procedure Despite these clear regulations, it is discussed whether the new reason for renewal of the trial added to the German Criminal Procedure Code is in compliance with the principle that there cannot be more than one trial for the same act. In this study, the reason for the renewal of the trial and its compatibility with the principle of ne bis in idem will be evaluated in the light of the opinions in the doctrine and judicial decisions.
Renewal of judgement is one of the extraordinary remedies. In order to renew a case that has been concluded with a finalised judgement, the conditions listed in the law must be fulfilled. Apart from these cases, it is not possible to renew the trial. When the provisions of the Turkish and German Criminal Procedure Codes regarding the renewal of the trial against the convicted or accused are compared, it is seen that the situations in which the trial can be renewed are similar. However, with the new regulation added to the German Criminal Procedure Code on 21.12.2021 and entered into force on 30.12.2021, a new one has been added to the cases where the trial can be renewed. Pursuant to this new regulation, in the event of the emergence of new evidence against the person acquitted of certain offences, the trial may be renewed against the person. The problem that arises with this new regulation is whether the regulation is in compliance with the principle of ne bis in idem. Although the principle of ne bis in idem, which means that a case cannot be filed and tried more than once for the same act, is not explicitly regulated in the Turkish Constitution, this principle is regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code and the ECHR Additional Protocol No. 7. In the German legal system, this principle is regulated in Article 103/3 of the German Constitution. Despite these clear regulations, the new provisions added to the German Code of Criminal Procedure Despite these clear regulations, it is discussed whether the new reason for renewal of the trial added to the German Criminal Procedure Code is in compliance with the principle that there cannot be more than one trial for the same act. In this study, the reason for the renewal of the trial and its compatibility with the principle of ne bis in idem will be evaluated in the light of the opinions in the doctrine and judicial decisions.
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Volume
18
Issue
52
Start Page
301
End Page
327
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