STEM Etkinlikleri ile Zenginleştirilmiş Öğrenme Ortamında Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Orantısal Akıl Yürütme Becerilerinin Gelişiminin İncelenmesi
STEM Etkinlikleri ile Zenginleştirilmiş Öğrenme Ortamında Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Orantısal Akıl Yürütme Becerilerinin Gelişiminin İncelenmesi
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Abstract
Bu araştırmada hazırlanan STEM etkinlikleriyle zenginleştirilmiş öğretim süreci boyunca öğrencilerin orantısal akıl yürütme becerilerinde meydana gelen değşimin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada karma yöntemlerden açıklayıcı ardışık desen benimsenmiş olup, nicel ve nitel veriler bir arada kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini, 10'u erkek ve 5'i kız olmak üzere toplam 15 yedinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Öğrenciler, uygulanan orantısal akıl yürütme testi sonuçlarına göre düşük, orta ve iyi olmak üzere sınıflandırılmış; maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme tekniğiyle seçilen sekiz öğrenciyle klinik mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sürecinde, literatür taraması ve uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda geliştirilen STEM etkinlikleri, mühendislik tasarım sürecinin aşamaları dikkate alınarak, enerji tasarrufu, sağlık ve robotik temaları etrafında yapılandırılmıştır. Öğrencilere hazırbulunuşluk testi (HBT), orantısal akıl yürütme testleri (OAYT) ve strateji testleri (ST) uygulanmıştır; öğrencilerin çözüm süreçleri klinik mülakatlar ve öğretim süreci boyunca tutulan alan notlarıyla ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, MTS temelli STEM etkinlikleriyle zenginleştirilmiş öğretim sürecinin, öğrencilerin orantısal akıl yürütme becerilerini, problem çözme stratejilerini ve strateji çeşitliliğini anlamlı biçimde geliştirdiğini göstermiştir. Özellikle gerçek yaşam bağlamları içeren ve tasarım odaklı öğrenme deneyimleri sunan etkinliklerin, öğrencilerin orantısal ilişkileri daha derinlemesine anlamlandırmalarını ve farklı problem türlerinde daha esnek stratejiler kullanmalarını desteklediği belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, STEM etkinlikleriyle zenginleştirilmiş öğrenme ortamının, öğrencilerin strateji kullanma ve strateji çeşitliliği açısından olumlu bir etki yarattığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, mühendislik tasarım süreciyle bütünleştirilmiş STEM temelli etkinliklerin, matematik öğretiminde kullanılmasının öğrencilerin orantısal akıl yürütme becerilerini geliştirmede etkili bir yaklaşım olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen sonuçlar temelinde gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
The purpose of this study was to examine changes in students' proportional reasoning skills during an instructional process enriched with STEM activities. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, and an explanatory sequential design was employed, in which quantitative and qualitative data were used together. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 15 seventh-grade students, including 10 boys and 5 girls. Based on the results of the proportional reasoning test, students were classified into three proportional reasoning levels: low, medium, and high. Clinical interviews were conducted with eight students selected using the maximum variation sampling technique. During the research process, STEM activities developed in line with a review of the relevant literature and expert opinions were structured around the themes of energy conservation, health, and robotics by considering the stages of the engineering design process. A prior knowledge test (PKT), proportional reasoning tests (PRT), and strategy tests (ST) were administered to the students. In addition, students' solution processes were examined in detail through clinical interviews and field notes recorded throughout the instructional process. The findings of the study indicated that the instructional process enriched with engineering design process–based STEM activities led to significant improvements in students' proportional reasoning skills, problem-solving strategies, and strategy diversity. In particular, activities that incorporated real-life contexts and provided design-oriented learning experiences supported students in developing a deeper understanding of proportional relationships and using more flexible strategies across different problem types. Accordingly, it was determined that the learning environment enriched with STEM activities had a positive effect on students' strategy use and strategy diversity. Based on the findings, it was concluded that STEM-based activities integrated with the engineering design process constitute an effective approach for improving students' proportional reasoning skills in mathematics education. Finally, suggestions for future research were provided based on the findings of the study.
The purpose of this study was to examine changes in students' proportional reasoning skills during an instructional process enriched with STEM activities. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, and an explanatory sequential design was employed, in which quantitative and qualitative data were used together. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 15 seventh-grade students, including 10 boys and 5 girls. Based on the results of the proportional reasoning test, students were classified into three proportional reasoning levels: low, medium, and high. Clinical interviews were conducted with eight students selected using the maximum variation sampling technique. During the research process, STEM activities developed in line with a review of the relevant literature and expert opinions were structured around the themes of energy conservation, health, and robotics by considering the stages of the engineering design process. A prior knowledge test (PKT), proportional reasoning tests (PRT), and strategy tests (ST) were administered to the students. In addition, students' solution processes were examined in detail through clinical interviews and field notes recorded throughout the instructional process. The findings of the study indicated that the instructional process enriched with engineering design process–based STEM activities led to significant improvements in students' proportional reasoning skills, problem-solving strategies, and strategy diversity. In particular, activities that incorporated real-life contexts and provided design-oriented learning experiences supported students in developing a deeper understanding of proportional relationships and using more flexible strategies across different problem types. Accordingly, it was determined that the learning environment enriched with STEM activities had a positive effect on students' strategy use and strategy diversity. Based on the findings, it was concluded that STEM-based activities integrated with the engineering design process constitute an effective approach for improving students' proportional reasoning skills in mathematics education. Finally, suggestions for future research were provided based on the findings of the study.
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