Futbol Hakemlerinin Stresle Başa Çıkma Durumlarının ve Aerobik Dayanıklılıklarının İncelenmesi
Futbol Hakemlerinin Stresle Başa Çıkma Durumlarının ve Aerobik Dayanıklılıklarının İncelenmesi
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Abstract
Bu çalışmada futbol hakemlerinin stresle başa çıkma düzeylerinin ve aerobik dayanıklılıklarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, nicel araştırma yaklaşımlarından betimsel model kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini; Türkiye'de görev yapan futbol hakemleri, örneklemini; Trabzon ilinde görev yapan; 6 aday, 33 il, 5 bölgesel, 6 C klasman, 2 B klasman, 4 A klasman ve 2 süper lig hakemlerinden 51'i erkek 7'si kadın toplam 58 hakem oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem grubu 28'i 18-24 yaş, 12'si 25-29 yaş, 6'sı 30-34 yaş ve 12'si de 35 yaş ve üzeri hakemlerden oluşmaktadır. Hakemler çalışmamıza gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplamak için Çakmak (2011) tarafından hazırlanan 'futbol hakemlerinin bireysel, çevresel ve örgütsel stres kaynakları' ölçeği kullanılmış ve aerobik dayanıklılık verileri ise TFF'nin her sezon öncesi hakemlere uyguladığı Cooper testi sonuçları Trabzon İl Hakem Kurulu'ndan elde edilmiştir. İstatistiksel analiz ve hesaplamalar için Ms-Excel 2010 ve IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 (IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY, IBM Corp.) kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmanın bulgularına göre, stresle başa çıkma düzeyleri açısından bireysel, çevresel ve örgütsel faktörlerin yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, klasman grupları, hakemlik süresi, hakemlik dışındaki meslek ve aerobik dayanıklılıkları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Stresle başa çıkma düzeylerinden bireysel faktörler dağılımlarının eğitim düzeyi grupları arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Hakemlerin stresle başa çıkma düzeyleri ve aerobik dayanıklılıkları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Stresle başa çıkma düzeyleri açısından bireysel, çevresel ve örgütsel faktörler arasında pozitif, orta düzeyde ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak farklı yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, klasman grupları, hakemlik süresi, hakemlik dışındaki meslek ve aerobik dayanıklılığa sahip futbol hakemlerinin stresle başa çıkma düzeylerinin benzer seviyede olduğu; bireysel, çevresel ve örgütsel faktörler arasında bir etkileşim olduğunu ve bu faktörlerin birlikte değerlendirilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Bununla birlikte lisans mezunu hakemlerin stresle başa çıkma düzeyi alt boyutlarından bireysel faktörler verilerine göre lise ve ön lisans mezunlarından daha yüksek seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca aerobik dayanıklılığın düşük ya da yüksek olmasının hakemlerde stres faktörlerine karşı herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı düşünülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Futbol Hakemi, Stres, Aerobik Dayanıklılık
The aim of this study was to investigate the stress coping levels and aerobic toughness of soccer referees. In the study, descriptive model from quantitative research approaches was used. The population of the study consisted of football referees working in Turkey and the sample consisted of 58 referees working in Trabzon province; 6 candidate, 33 provincial, 5 regional, 6 C classification, 2 B classification, 4 A classification and 2 super league referees, 51 of whom were male and 7 of whom were female. The referees participated in our study voluntarily. In the study, the scale of 'individual, environmental and organizational stress sources of football referees' prepared by Çakmak (2011) was used to collect data and aerobic toughness data were obtained from Trabzon Provincial Referee Board as a result of the Cooper test administered by TFF to referees before each season. Ms-Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 (IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY, IBM Corp.) was used for statistical analysis and calculations. According to the findings of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between the individual, environmental and organizational factors in terms of coping with stress in terms of age, gender, marital status, classification groups, refereeing period, profession other than refereeing and aerobic toughness (p>0.05). The difference between the educational level groups in the distribution of individual factors among the levels of coping with stress was found statistically significant (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the referees' stress coping levels and aerobic toughness (p>0.05). A positive, moderate and statistically significant relationship was found between individual, environmental and organizational factors in terms of coping with stress levels (p<0.05). As a result, it is thought that football referees with different age, gender, marital status, classification groups, refereeing time, occupation other than refereeing and aerobic toughness have similar levels of coping with stress; there is an interaction between individual, environmental and organizational factors and these factors should be evaluated together. In addition, it was determined that referees with bachelor's degree had a higher level of coping with stress than high school and associate degree graduates according to the individual factors data from the sub-dimensions. In addition, it is thought that low or high aerobic toughness does not have any effect against stress factors in referees. Keywords: Football Referee, Stress, Aerobic Toughness
The aim of this study was to investigate the stress coping levels and aerobic toughness of soccer referees. In the study, descriptive model from quantitative research approaches was used. The population of the study consisted of football referees working in Turkey and the sample consisted of 58 referees working in Trabzon province; 6 candidate, 33 provincial, 5 regional, 6 C classification, 2 B classification, 4 A classification and 2 super league referees, 51 of whom were male and 7 of whom were female. The referees participated in our study voluntarily. In the study, the scale of 'individual, environmental and organizational stress sources of football referees' prepared by Çakmak (2011) was used to collect data and aerobic toughness data were obtained from Trabzon Provincial Referee Board as a result of the Cooper test administered by TFF to referees before each season. Ms-Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 (IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY, IBM Corp.) was used for statistical analysis and calculations. According to the findings of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between the individual, environmental and organizational factors in terms of coping with stress in terms of age, gender, marital status, classification groups, refereeing period, profession other than refereeing and aerobic toughness (p>0.05). The difference between the educational level groups in the distribution of individual factors among the levels of coping with stress was found statistically significant (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the referees' stress coping levels and aerobic toughness (p>0.05). A positive, moderate and statistically significant relationship was found between individual, environmental and organizational factors in terms of coping with stress levels (p<0.05). As a result, it is thought that football referees with different age, gender, marital status, classification groups, refereeing time, occupation other than refereeing and aerobic toughness have similar levels of coping with stress; there is an interaction between individual, environmental and organizational factors and these factors should be evaluated together. In addition, it was determined that referees with bachelor's degree had a higher level of coping with stress than high school and associate degree graduates according to the individual factors data from the sub-dimensions. In addition, it is thought that low or high aerobic toughness does not have any effect against stress factors in referees. Keywords: Football Referee, Stress, Aerobic Toughness
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