(The Possibility of Individual Application Route for the Right to Social Security)
(The Possibility of Individual Application Route for the Right to Social Security)
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Abstract
İnsan yaşamına sosyoekonomik bakımdan asgari bir standart sağlama işlevi nedeniyle insan hakları ve insan haysiyeti açısından önemli bir yeri olan sosyal güvenlik hakkı, sosyal haklar arasında yer almasının bir sonucu olarak pek çok hukuk düzenin- de dava edilebilirlik bakımından zayıf bir rejime tabidir. Bu makale, dava edilebilirlik sorunu bağlamında sosyal güvenlik hakkının İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi (İHAS) ve Anayasa’da öngörülen bireysel başvuru mekanizmaları kapsamında dolaylı olarak yargılanabilirliğini içtihat hukuku temelli ve karşılaştırmalı bir yaklaşımla ele almakta- dır. Anılan belgelerin koruyucusu konumundaki İnsan Hakları Avrupa Mahkemesi (İHAM) ve Anayasa Mahkemesi (AYM), taraf devletlerin hâlihazırda vadettiği sosyal güvenlik ödenekleriyle ilgili -bir kısmı ol- dukça karmaşık sosyoekonomik meselelere dair olan- şikâyetleri adil yargılanma hakkı, mülkiyet hakkı, özel yaşama ve aile yaşamına saygı hakkı ve ayrımcılık yasağı olmak üzere bireysel başvuru usulü kapsa- mındaki haklar çerçevesinde yargılanabilir bulmuştur. Bu kapsamda- ki incelemede her iki Mahkemenin de sosyal güvenlik ödemelerini klasik haklar kapsamında görme konusunda istekli olduğu ancak esasa dair incelemede -sosyal güvenlik sisteminin kaynaklara bağımlı niteliği ve politik yönüne atıfla- kamusal makamlara geniş bir takdir marjı bıraktığı gözlemlenmiştir. Öte yandan hak öznelerinin hassas kategorilerde yer aldığı ve hak öznelerine katlanılamaz sosyoekono- mik külfetler yüklendiği durumlardaysa geniş takdir alanı, sosyal gü- venlik hakkı lehine sonuca ulaşılmasına engel olmamaktadır. Ayrıca makalede sosyal devlet ilkesini ve sosyal hakları barındıran bir anaya- sayla yetkilendirilmiş ulusal bir mahkeme olan AYM’nin, hakların kap-samı ve kamusal makamlara bırakılan takdir marjı konusunda kendi kendini uluslararası bir mahkeme olan ve bu nedenle egemenlik te- melli çekinceleri hesaba katmak zorunda olan İHAM’ın yaklaşımıyla sınırlandırması eleştirilmiş, Mahkemenin daha aktivist bir yaklaşım benimsemesi gerektiği savunulmuştur.
The right to social security, which plays an essential role in terms of human rights and human dignity due to its function of providing a minimum socio-economic standard for human life, is subject to a weak regime in terms of enforceability in many le- gal orders as a result of being among the social rights. This article employs a case law-based and comparative approach to examine the litigability of the right to social security under the individual ap- plication mechanisms provided by European Convention on Human Rirghts (ECHR) and the Turkish Constitution. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the Turkish Constitutional Court (TCC), which are the guardians of the aforementioned instruments, have determined that complaints about social security benefits already promised by States Parties—some of which are related to complex socio-economic issues—are triable within the framework of rights under the individual application procedure. This includes the right to a fair trial, the right to property, the right to respect for private and family life, and the prohibition of discrimination. In this context, it was observed that both courts were willing to consider social se- curity payments within the scope of classical rights. However, they left a wide margin of appreciation to the public authorities in the examination of the merits, referring to the resource-dependent na- ture and political aspect of the social security systems. Conversely, in instances where the subjects of rights belong to vulnerable cat- egories and are subjected to unbearable socioeconomic burdens, the wide margin of appreciation does not preclude the conclusion in favor of the subjects’ right to social security. Moreover, the article critiques the fact that the Constitutional Court, as a national court authorized by a constitution that embodies the principle of the so- cial state and social rights, limits itself to the approach of the ECtHR, which is an international court and therefore has to take into ac- count sovereignty-based reservations regarding the scope of rights and the margin of appreciation left to public authorities. The article argues that the Court should adopt a more activist approach.
The right to social security, which plays an essential role in terms of human rights and human dignity due to its function of providing a minimum socio-economic standard for human life, is subject to a weak regime in terms of enforceability in many le- gal orders as a result of being among the social rights. This article employs a case law-based and comparative approach to examine the litigability of the right to social security under the individual ap- plication mechanisms provided by European Convention on Human Rirghts (ECHR) and the Turkish Constitution. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the Turkish Constitutional Court (TCC), which are the guardians of the aforementioned instruments, have determined that complaints about social security benefits already promised by States Parties—some of which are related to complex socio-economic issues—are triable within the framework of rights under the individual application procedure. This includes the right to a fair trial, the right to property, the right to respect for private and family life, and the prohibition of discrimination. In this context, it was observed that both courts were willing to consider social se- curity payments within the scope of classical rights. However, they left a wide margin of appreciation to the public authorities in the examination of the merits, referring to the resource-dependent na- ture and political aspect of the social security systems. Conversely, in instances where the subjects of rights belong to vulnerable cat- egories and are subjected to unbearable socioeconomic burdens, the wide margin of appreciation does not preclude the conclusion in favor of the subjects’ right to social security. Moreover, the article critiques the fact that the Constitutional Court, as a national court authorized by a constitution that embodies the principle of the so- cial state and social rights, limits itself to the approach of the ECtHR, which is an international court and therefore has to take into ac- count sovereignty-based reservations regarding the scope of rights and the margin of appreciation left to public authorities. The article argues that the Court should adopt a more activist approach.
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173
Start Page
95
End Page
155
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