Türk Anayasa Hukukunda Normlar Hiyerarşisi Perspektifinde Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnameleri
Türk Anayasa Hukukunda Normlar Hiyerarşisi Perspektifinde Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnameleri
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Abstract
1982 Anayasası anayasa değişiklikleri neticesinde yürürlüğe konulduğu ilk halinden bir hayli değiştirilmiştir. Bunlardan 16 Nisan 2017 günü gerçekleşen referandum sonucunda da önemli değişiklikler gerçekleşmiştir. Nitekim parlamenter hükümet sisteminden Cumhurbaşkanlığı hükümet sistemine geçilmiştir. Yeni hükümet sisteminin de en önemli hukuki aracının Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleri olduğu söylenebilir. Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamelerine ilişkin tartışmalar içinde kararnamelerin normlar hiyerarşisinde hangi seviyede olduğu sorusunun yanıtı önem arz eder. Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamelerinin hiyerarşik gücünü tespit edebilmek adına öncelikli olarak normlar hiyerarşi kuramının incelenmesi gerekmiştir. Bu doğrultuda ilk bölümde normlar hiyerarşisi kuramına ilişkin açıklamalarda bulunulmuştur. Normlar hiyerarşisinin yaratıcısı olarak kabul edilen Hans Kelsen hukuk normlarının belirli bir düzen içinde birliği adına geliştirdiği bu sisteme saf hukuk kuramı içinde yer verdiğinden Kelsen'in kuramına ilişkin de araştırma yapılmış ve buna yönelik eleştiriler de incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. İkinci bölümde Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleri ile sıkça karşılaştırılan kanun hükmünde kararnameler işlem unsurları bakımından incelenmiştir. Bir normun hiyerarşik gücünün tespiti için ihdas usulünün bilinmesi gerektiğinden bunun Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleri için de bilinebilir olması gerekirdi. Dolayısıyla Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleri şekil, usul, konu gibi unsurlar bakımından incelenmiştir. Nihayet son aşamada ise Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamelerinin normlar hiyerarşisindeki yerine ilişkin tartışmalar açıklanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Norm, Normlar Hiyerarşisi, Saf Hukuk Kuramı, Kararname, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesi, Yasama, Yürütme.
The 1982 Constitution, as a result of the constitutional amendments made on it, has changed considerably from the first time it was enacted. Significant changes took place as a result of referendum held on 16 April 2017. As a matter of fact, the Parliamentary system of government has been switched to the Presidential system of government. It can be said that the most important legal tool of the new system of government is presidential decrees. In the debate over presidential decrees, the answer to the question of what level of decrees in the hierarchy of norms is important. In order to determine the hierarchical power of Presidential Decrees, it was necessary to examine hierarchy of norms first. Accordingly, in the first chapter, explanations regarding the theory of the hierarchy of norms are explained. Since Hans Kelsen, who is accepted as the creator of the hierarchy of norms, has developed this system in the name of unity of legal norms and certain order, in the Pure Theory of Law, research has been done on Kelsen's theory and the criticisms against it have tried to be explained. In the second part, Decrees which are frequently compared with Presidential Decrees are examined in terms of process elements. Since the establishment procedure must be known in order to determine the hierarchical power of a norms, this should also be known for Presidential Decrees. Therefore, Presidential Decrees are examined in terms of element such as form, procedure and subject. Finally, in the last stage, the discussions on the place of presidential decrees in the hierarchy of norms were explained. Key Words: Norm, Hierarchy of Norms, Pure Theory of Law, Decree, Presidential Decree, Legislation, Execution.
The 1982 Constitution, as a result of the constitutional amendments made on it, has changed considerably from the first time it was enacted. Significant changes took place as a result of referendum held on 16 April 2017. As a matter of fact, the Parliamentary system of government has been switched to the Presidential system of government. It can be said that the most important legal tool of the new system of government is presidential decrees. In the debate over presidential decrees, the answer to the question of what level of decrees in the hierarchy of norms is important. In order to determine the hierarchical power of Presidential Decrees, it was necessary to examine hierarchy of norms first. Accordingly, in the first chapter, explanations regarding the theory of the hierarchy of norms are explained. Since Hans Kelsen, who is accepted as the creator of the hierarchy of norms, has developed this system in the name of unity of legal norms and certain order, in the Pure Theory of Law, research has been done on Kelsen's theory and the criticisms against it have tried to be explained. In the second part, Decrees which are frequently compared with Presidential Decrees are examined in terms of process elements. Since the establishment procedure must be known in order to determine the hierarchical power of a norms, this should also be known for Presidential Decrees. Therefore, Presidential Decrees are examined in terms of element such as form, procedure and subject. Finally, in the last stage, the discussions on the place of presidential decrees in the hierarchy of norms were explained. Key Words: Norm, Hierarchy of Norms, Pure Theory of Law, Decree, Presidential Decree, Legislation, Execution.
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