İşverenin İş Kazasından Doğan Cezai Sorumluluğu
İşverenin İş Kazasından Doğan Cezai Sorumluluğu
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Abstract
Çalışma hak ve özgürlüğünün tam anlamıyla sağlanabilmesi için kişinin sağlıklı ve güvenli bir ortamda çalışması gerekmektedir. Ancak sanayileşmeyle birlikte gelişen teknoloji, artan makine kullanımı, çalışılan sektörlerin çeşitlilik göstermesi gibi nedenler iş kazalarında artışa neden olmuş bu durum da çalışanların çalışma yaşamındaki tehlikelere karşı korunması zorunluluğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu kapsamda Türk hukukunda işverene yasal düzenlemelerle çeşitli yükümlülükler getirilmiştir. Bu yükümlülüklerden biri de sağlıklı ve güvenli bir çalışma ortamının sağlanması, işyerinde iş sağlığı ve güvenliğine ilişkin gereken önlemlerin alınmasıdır. İş kazalarının büyük bir çoğunluğu önlenebilecek nitelikteki kazalardır. Ancak gereken önlemlerin alınmaması ve iş sağlığı ve güvenliğine ilişkin yükümlülüklerin yerine getirilmemesi nedeniyle günümüzde azımsanmayacak ölçüde iş kazası gerçekleşmekte, birçok işçi hayatını kaybetmekte ya da yaralanmaktadır. Bu durumda 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu'nda düzenlenen öldürme ve yaralama suçları oluşacak ve cezai sorumluluk gündeme gelecektir. Cezai sorumluluğun muhatabının ise işyerinde gerekli iş sağlığı ve güvenliği yükümlülüklerini yerine getirmekle görevli olan işveren, işveren vekili, geçici işveren ve alt işveren olması mümkündür. Bazı durumlarda iş sağlığı ve güvenliği profesyonellerinin de cezai sorumluluğu söz konusu olabilecektir. Cezai sorumluluk belirlenirken kazanın hangi yükümlülüğün ihlali nedeniyle gerçekleştiği ve yükümlülükleri yerine getirmekle görevli kişinin tespiti gerekmektedir. Failin kim olduğu, fiilin hangi suç tipini oluşturduğu, suçun kasten mi yoksa taksirle mi işlendiği, kusur oranı gibi hususlar yapılan ceza yargılaması sonucunda belirlenecektir.
In order to fully ensure the right and freedom to work, the person must work in a healthy and safe environment. However, reasons such as developing technology with industrialization, increasing use of machinery, and the diversity of the sectors worked have caused an increase in work accidents, and this situation has revealed the necessity of protecting employees against the dangers in working life. In this context, various obligations have been brought to the employer by legal regulations in Turkish law. One of these obligations is to provide a healthy and safe working environment and to take the necessary precautions regarding occupational health and safety in the workplace. The majority of work accidents are preventable accidents. However, due to not taking the necessary precautions and not fulfilling the obligations regarding occupational health and safety, today a substantial number of work accidents occur and many workers lose their lives or are injured. In this case, the crimes of killing and wounding regulated in the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237 will occur and criminal responsibility will come to the fore. It is possible that the addressee of the criminal liability is the employer, the employer's representative, the temporary employer and the sub-employer, who are responsible for fulfilling the necessary occupational health and safety obligations in the workplace. In some cases, criminal liability of occupational health and safety professionals may also be in question. While determining the criminal liability, it is necessary to determine which obligation the accident occurred due to the violation and the person responsible for fulfilling the obligations. Issues such as who the perpetrator is, what type of crime the act constitutes, whether the crime was committed intentionally or negligently, and the rate of fault will be determined as a result of the criminal proceedings.
In order to fully ensure the right and freedom to work, the person must work in a healthy and safe environment. However, reasons such as developing technology with industrialization, increasing use of machinery, and the diversity of the sectors worked have caused an increase in work accidents, and this situation has revealed the necessity of protecting employees against the dangers in working life. In this context, various obligations have been brought to the employer by legal regulations in Turkish law. One of these obligations is to provide a healthy and safe working environment and to take the necessary precautions regarding occupational health and safety in the workplace. The majority of work accidents are preventable accidents. However, due to not taking the necessary precautions and not fulfilling the obligations regarding occupational health and safety, today a substantial number of work accidents occur and many workers lose their lives or are injured. In this case, the crimes of killing and wounding regulated in the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237 will occur and criminal responsibility will come to the fore. It is possible that the addressee of the criminal liability is the employer, the employer's representative, the temporary employer and the sub-employer, who are responsible for fulfilling the necessary occupational health and safety obligations in the workplace. In some cases, criminal liability of occupational health and safety professionals may also be in question. While determining the criminal liability, it is necessary to determine which obligation the accident occurred due to the violation and the person responsible for fulfilling the obligations. Issues such as who the perpetrator is, what type of crime the act constitutes, whether the crime was committed intentionally or negligently, and the rate of fault will be determined as a result of the criminal proceedings.
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Keywords
LAW, Hukuk, Kazalar, Public Law, Criminal Liability, Accidents, Occupational Accidents, Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri, İş Kazaları, Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Legal Responsibility, İşveren, İşveren Sorumluluğu, Employer, Employer Responsibility, Kamu Hukuku, Cezai Sorumluluk, Hukuki Sorumluluk
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