Uluslararası İnsan Hakları Hukukunda ve Türk Hukukunda Kişisel Verilerin Korunması
Uluslararası İnsan Hakları Hukukunda ve Türk Hukukunda Kişisel Verilerin Korunması
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Abstract
Son zamanlarda teknolojinin etkisi ile önem kazanan konulardan biri, kişisel verilerin korunmasıdır. Bu durumun nedeni internetin çok geniş ölçüde kullanımı ile kişisel verilerin toplanması, depolanması, özel sektör, kamu sektörü, hatta ülkeler arasında paylaşılmasının oldukça kolaylaşmasıdır. Toplanan verilerin işlenmesi ve paylaşılması, kişiler ve hizmet sunanlar açısından büyük kolaylık sağlarken, kişisel verilerin kötüye kullanılma riski artmış, ilgili kişiler ve bu verilerin paylaşıldığı kişiler arasındaki çıkar dengesi ilgili kişiler aleyhine bozulmuştur. Bu nedenle, kişisel verilerin korunması zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Nitekim hem uluslararası hem de ulusal düzenlemelerde bir insan hakkı olarak gün geçtikçe artan bir eğilimle kendine yer bulmuştur. Kişisel verilerin korunması serüveni, Avrupa' da 1970'li yıllarda başlamıştır. Türkiye' de ise kişisel verilerin korunması anayasada ve başka kanunlarda dağınık bir biçimde yer alan düzenlemelerin kaderine bırakılmış, 2010 yılında gerçekleşen anayasa değişikliği sonucunda anayasa metninde bağımsız bir hak olarak güvence altına alınmıştır. Konuya ilişkin özel bir kanun olan ve 95/46 Sayılı Veri Koruma Direktifindeki hükümler referans alınarak hazırlanmış olan 6698 Sayılı Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Kanunu da anayasa değişikliğinden altı yıl sonra, 7 Nisan 2016 tarihinde yürürlüğe girmiştir. Bu çalışmada, dünyada uzun yıllardır tartışılan, ülkemizde ise yeni yeni farkındalık oluşmaya başlayan kişisel verilerin korunması hakkı, hakkın korunmasının nedenleri, tarihsel gelişimi, uluslararası hukukta konuya yönelik yer alan düzenlemeler, ülkemizde kişisel verilerin korunması alanında gerçekleşen gelişmeler ve güncel gelişmelerin ışığında tespit edilen bazı sorunlu alanlarda işlenen verilerin durumu incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye' de konuya ilişkin yer alan düzenlemelerin, Avrupa bünyesinde düzenlenen hükümler ile uyumu karşılaştırılmış, eksik yönler tespit edilmiş ve bu eksikliklerin çözümü için öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Bu tespitler yapılırken, konuya ilişkin Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi, Anayasa Mahkemesi, Yargıtay, Danıştay, Kişisel Verileri Koruma Kurulu, diğer ülke mahkemelerinin ve veri koruma otoritelerinin kararlarına yer verilmiştir. Böylelikle konu ile ilgili teorik bilgiler, uygulamadaki içtihatlar ile detaylandırılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kişisel Veri, Hassas Veri, Kişisel Verilerin Korunması, Kişisel Verilerin İşlenmesi, Veri Koruma Direktifi, Genel Veri Koruma Tüzüğü
Recently, one of the issues that has gained importance with the effect of Technology, is the protection of personal data. Because with the wide use of the internet, it has become very easy to collect, store and share personal data among the private, public and even countries. While the processing and sharing of the collected data provides great convenience for individuals and service providers, the risk of misuse of personal data has increased, thus the balance of interests between the relevant persons and the persons with whom this data is shared has been disrupted against relevant persons. For this reason, the protection of personal data has become compulsory, and as a human right, it has found a place in both international and national regulations with an increasing trend. The adventure of protecting personal data started in the 1970's in Europe. In Turkey, the constitution and other laws for protection of personal data in a distributed manner was left to the fate of the arrangements, as a result of the constitutional amendment in 2010, it was secured as an independent right in the constitutional text. The Personal Data Protection Law No. 6698, which is a special law on the subject and was prepared with reference to the provisions of the Data Protection Directive No. 95/46, entered into force on April 7 2016, six years after the constitutional amendment. In this study, the right to protection of personal data, which has been discussed for many years in the world and new awareness has started to be created in our country, the reasons for the protection of the right, its historical development, the regulations in international law, the developments in the field of personal data protection and The status of the data processed in the fields was examined. In this context, Turkey's issues relating to the regulation of, and compliance with provisions compared held within Europe, weaknesses have been identified and developed recommendations for the resolution of these deficiencies. While making these determinations, the decisions of the European Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights, the Constitutional Court, the Court of Cassation, the Council of State, the Personal Data Protection Board, the courts of other countries and data protection authorities have been included. Thus, the theoretical information on the subject was detailed with the case law in practice. Keywords: Personal Data, Sensitive Data, Protection of Personal Data, Processing of Personal Data, Data Protection Directive, General Data Protection Regulation
Recently, one of the issues that has gained importance with the effect of Technology, is the protection of personal data. Because with the wide use of the internet, it has become very easy to collect, store and share personal data among the private, public and even countries. While the processing and sharing of the collected data provides great convenience for individuals and service providers, the risk of misuse of personal data has increased, thus the balance of interests between the relevant persons and the persons with whom this data is shared has been disrupted against relevant persons. For this reason, the protection of personal data has become compulsory, and as a human right, it has found a place in both international and national regulations with an increasing trend. The adventure of protecting personal data started in the 1970's in Europe. In Turkey, the constitution and other laws for protection of personal data in a distributed manner was left to the fate of the arrangements, as a result of the constitutional amendment in 2010, it was secured as an independent right in the constitutional text. The Personal Data Protection Law No. 6698, which is a special law on the subject and was prepared with reference to the provisions of the Data Protection Directive No. 95/46, entered into force on April 7 2016, six years after the constitutional amendment. In this study, the right to protection of personal data, which has been discussed for many years in the world and new awareness has started to be created in our country, the reasons for the protection of the right, its historical development, the regulations in international law, the developments in the field of personal data protection and The status of the data processed in the fields was examined. In this context, Turkey's issues relating to the regulation of, and compliance with provisions compared held within Europe, weaknesses have been identified and developed recommendations for the resolution of these deficiencies. While making these determinations, the decisions of the European Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights, the Constitutional Court, the Court of Cassation, the Council of State, the Personal Data Protection Board, the courts of other countries and data protection authorities have been included. Thus, the theoretical information on the subject was detailed with the case law in practice. Keywords: Personal Data, Sensitive Data, Protection of Personal Data, Processing of Personal Data, Data Protection Directive, General Data Protection Regulation
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Keywords
LAW, Hukuk, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi, Data Security, Human Rights, Data Protection Law, Türk Hukuku, İnsan Hakları, General Data Protection Regulation, Personal Data, Genel Veri Koruma Tüzüğü, Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Kanunu, Turkish Law, Veri Güvenliği, Personal Data Protection Law, Uluslararası Hukuk, European Convontion on Human Rights, International Law, Kişisel Veri, Veri Koruması Hukuku
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