Lise Biyoloji Kavramlarının Öğrenilmesinde Karşılaşılan Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerilerine İlişkin Öğrenci Görüşlerinin Belirlenmesi
Lise Biyoloji Kavramlarının Öğrenilmesinde Karşılaşılan Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerilerine İlişkin Öğrenci Görüşlerinin Belirlenmesi
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Abstract
Biyoloji öğretiminin bilimsel gelişmelere ayak uydurabilmesi için biyoloji eğitimi esnasında karşılaşılan eksiklikler ve güçlükler tespit edilmeli ve bunları iyileştirebilecek çözümler geliştirilmelidir. Okullarda etkili biyoloji eğitimi gerçekleştirebilmenin ve öğrencilerin biyolojiye olan ilgilerini arttırabilmenin bir yolu da öğrencilerin karşılaştıkları güçlükleri ve sorunları dikkate almaktan geçmektedir. Bu araştırma, öğrencilere göre lise biyoloji öğretim programında öğrenilmesinde güçlük çekilen biyoloji kavramlarının tespit edilmesi, biyoloji kavramlarının öğrenilmesinde karşılaşılan zorlukların sebeplerinin ortaya konulması ve biyoloji kavramlarının daha etkili öğrenimine yönelik önerilerin belirlenmesi olmak üzere üç temel amaca sahiptir. Belirtilen amaçlar doğrultusunda, araştırmanın yönteminde karma araştırma yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Çalışma, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde yer alan bir devlet üniversitesinde, 20 farklı bölümde/programda öğrenim gören 1. sınıf öğrencileri arasından ankete gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden 288 bireyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veriler, açık ve kapalı uçlu sorular içeren bir anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 27.0 programı kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin zorlandıkları kavramlar ortalama değerler üzerinden belirlenmiş; zorlanma düzeylerinin cinsiyet ve mezun oldukları lise türüne göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis H testleriyle incelenmiştir. Kavram öğreniminde zorlanma sebeplerine ilişkin yanıtlar frekans ve yüzde dağılımlarıyla analiz edilmiş; farklılıkların incelenmesinde ise Ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır. Açık uçlu sorudan elde edilen nitel veriler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiş; öğrencilerin dile getirdiği öneriler sistematik biçimde değerlendirilip yüzdelik dağılımlarla sunulmuştur. Araştırma bulgularına göre, öğrencilerin öğrenirken en çok zorlandığı kavramlar arasında İndüklenmiş Uyum, Calvin Döngüsü, Oogenez, Spermatogenez ve Polimerizasyon gibi soyut kavramlar öne çıkmıştır. Kavram öğreniminde yaşanan zorlukların başlıca sebepleri arasında; kavram sayısının fazlalığı, laboratuvar gibi destekleyici ortamlardan yararlanılmaması, kavramların yabancı ve soyut olması öğrenciler tarafından en çok belirtilen gerekçeler arasında yer almıştır. Öğrenciler, bu güçlüklerin giderilmesi için en çok uygulamalı öğrenme, laboratuvar kullanımının artırılması, öğretim yöntemlerinde çeşitliliğe önem verilmesi ve kavramların somutlaştırılması yönünde öneriler sunmuştur.
In order for biology education to keep pace with scientific developments, the deficiencies and difficulties encountered during biology instruction must be identified, and solutions that can address these issues should be developed. One way to ensure effective biology education in schools and to increase students' interest in biology is to take into account the difficulties and problems they encounter. This study has three main objectives according to students' perspectives: identifying the biology concepts in the high school biology curriculum that are difficult to learn, revealing the reasons for the difficulties experienced in learning these concepts, and determining suggestions for more effective teaching of biology concepts. In line with these objectives, a mixed-methods research approach was adopted in the methodology of the study. The study was conducted with 288 individuals who voluntarily agreed to participate in the survey among first-year students enrolled in 20 different departments/programs at a public university located in the Eastern Black Sea Region. The data were collected through a questionnaire containing both open- and closed-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using the SPSS 27.0 software. The concepts that students found difficult were determined based on mean values, and whether the difficulty levels differed according to gender and type of high school graduated from was examined using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. Responses regarding the reasons for difficulties in concept learning were analyzed through frequency and percentage distributions, while the Chi-square test was employed to examine the differences. The qualitative data obtained from the open-ended questions were analyzed using the descriptive analysis method; the suggestions expressed by the students were systematically evaluated and presented with percentage distributions. According to the research findings, abstract concepts such as Induced Adaptation, Calvin Cycle, Oogenesis, Spermatogenesis, and Polymerization stood out among the concepts with which students experienced the most difficulty. Among the reasons cited for the challenges in concept learning, the large number of concepts, the lack of supportive environments such as laboratories, and the abstract and unfamiliar nature of the concepts were the most frequently mentioned justifications by students. To overcome these difficulties, students most frequently suggested practical learning, increased use of laboratories, emphasizing diversity in teaching methods, and concretizing concepts.
In order for biology education to keep pace with scientific developments, the deficiencies and difficulties encountered during biology instruction must be identified, and solutions that can address these issues should be developed. One way to ensure effective biology education in schools and to increase students' interest in biology is to take into account the difficulties and problems they encounter. This study has three main objectives according to students' perspectives: identifying the biology concepts in the high school biology curriculum that are difficult to learn, revealing the reasons for the difficulties experienced in learning these concepts, and determining suggestions for more effective teaching of biology concepts. In line with these objectives, a mixed-methods research approach was adopted in the methodology of the study. The study was conducted with 288 individuals who voluntarily agreed to participate in the survey among first-year students enrolled in 20 different departments/programs at a public university located in the Eastern Black Sea Region. The data were collected through a questionnaire containing both open- and closed-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using the SPSS 27.0 software. The concepts that students found difficult were determined based on mean values, and whether the difficulty levels differed according to gender and type of high school graduated from was examined using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. Responses regarding the reasons for difficulties in concept learning were analyzed through frequency and percentage distributions, while the Chi-square test was employed to examine the differences. The qualitative data obtained from the open-ended questions were analyzed using the descriptive analysis method; the suggestions expressed by the students were systematically evaluated and presented with percentage distributions. According to the research findings, abstract concepts such as Induced Adaptation, Calvin Cycle, Oogenesis, Spermatogenesis, and Polymerization stood out among the concepts with which students experienced the most difficulty. Among the reasons cited for the challenges in concept learning, the large number of concepts, the lack of supportive environments such as laboratories, and the abstract and unfamiliar nature of the concepts were the most frequently mentioned justifications by students. To overcome these difficulties, students most frequently suggested practical learning, increased use of laboratories, emphasizing diversity in teaching methods, and concretizing concepts.
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