İbnü’s-Sîd El-Batalyevsî’nin Nefs Teorisi: Analitik ve Eleştirel Bir Okuma
İbnü’s-Sîd El-Batalyevsî’nin Nefs Teorisi: Analitik ve Eleştirel Bir Okuma
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Abstract
Bu makalede İbnü’s-Sîd el-Batalyevsî’nin (Ö. 1127) nefs teorisi incelenmektedir. Batalyevsî gramer, sarf ve edebiyat gibi disiplinlerde çok sayıda eser verdiği için İslam düşünce tarihinde dilbilimcisi olarak bilinmektedir. Fakat düşünür yazdığı dil konulu eserlerin yanı sıra felsefe kitapları da yazmıştır. Filozof söz konusu bu eserlerde varlık, nefs teorisi ve felsefe-din ilişkisi meselelerini incelemiş ve tercih ettiği görüşleri geliştirerek okuyucusuna sunmuştur. Onun felsefi eserlerinde sergilenen tutum genel itibarıyla Yeni Eflatûncu bir tavır olduğu için, filozof varlığı bu akımın düşüncelerine göre açıklayarak sudûr tasavvuruna kısmen bağlı kalır. Batalyevsî’nin bu yaklaşımı nefs teorisine de nüfuz ederek belirleyici bir unsur haline gelir. Öyle ki filozof nefsin tasnifini yaparken nebatî, hayvanî, insanî, felsefî ve nebevî nefs türlerini tespit eder ve bunların ayaltı alemde bulunduğunu söyledikten sonra ayüstü alemine ait olan küllî nefsin varlığından da bahseder. Batalyevsî nefs konusunu ağırlıklı olarak natık nefse dikkat çekerek işler. Onun bu bağlamda asıl amacının insan nefsinin ölümsüzlüğünü ispat etmek olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Şöyle ki düşünür bu yöndeki görüşlerini kanıtlamak için sekiz delil kullanır. Bu meseleyle ilgili kullanılan delillerin bir kısmı beden-nefs ilişkisi dikkate alınarak oluşturulurken diğer bir kısmı ise insan nefsinin idrak gücüne dönüktür. Filozof tarafından kullanılan delillerin öncülleri önceki İslam filozofların görüşlerinden istifade edilerek elde edildiği açıktır. Ancak delillerin oluşturulma tarzının özgün olduğu da söylenebilir. Zira düşünür bu delilleri kendi düşünce sistemine uygun bir şekilde geliştirmiştir.
In this article, Ibn al-Sid al-Batalyevsī's (D. 1127) theory of soul is examined. Batalyevsī is known as a linguist in the history of Islamic thought, as he has produced many works in disciplines such as grammar, writing and literature. However, the philosopher wrote works on philosophy as well as works on language. In his works, the philosopher examined the issues of existence, the theory of soul, and the relationship between philosophy and religion, and developed his preferred views and conveyed them to his readers. Since the attitude displayed in philosophical works is a Neoplatonist attitude in general, the philosopher partially adheres to the theory of emanation by explaining existence according to the thoughts of this movement. However, this approach of Batalyevsī also penetrates into the theory of soul and becomes a determining factor. So much so that while the philosopher classifies the soul, he identifies the vegetable, animal, human, philosophical and prophetic types, and after saying that these are in the physical realm, he also talks about the existence of the cosmological universal soul. Because Batalyevsī makes a human-centered philosophy, he mainly draws attention to the human soul. In this context, we can say that his main purpose is to prove the immortality of the human soul. Namely, the thinker uses eight pieces of evidence to prove his views in this direction. Some of the evidence used on this issue is formed by taking into account the relationship between matter-self and body-soul. another part is directed towards the comprehension power of the human soul. It is obvious that the antecedents of the evidence used by the İslamic philosopher were obtained by benefiting from the views of previous philosophers. However, it can also be said that the way in which the evidence is constructed is original. Because the philosopher has developed these evidences in accordance with his own thought system.
In this article, Ibn al-Sid al-Batalyevsī's (D. 1127) theory of soul is examined. Batalyevsī is known as a linguist in the history of Islamic thought, as he has produced many works in disciplines such as grammar, writing and literature. However, the philosopher wrote works on philosophy as well as works on language. In his works, the philosopher examined the issues of existence, the theory of soul, and the relationship between philosophy and religion, and developed his preferred views and conveyed them to his readers. Since the attitude displayed in philosophical works is a Neoplatonist attitude in general, the philosopher partially adheres to the theory of emanation by explaining existence according to the thoughts of this movement. However, this approach of Batalyevsī also penetrates into the theory of soul and becomes a determining factor. So much so that while the philosopher classifies the soul, he identifies the vegetable, animal, human, philosophical and prophetic types, and after saying that these are in the physical realm, he also talks about the existence of the cosmological universal soul. Because Batalyevsī makes a human-centered philosophy, he mainly draws attention to the human soul. In this context, we can say that his main purpose is to prove the immortality of the human soul. Namely, the thinker uses eight pieces of evidence to prove his views in this direction. Some of the evidence used on this issue is formed by taking into account the relationship between matter-self and body-soul. another part is directed towards the comprehension power of the human soul. It is obvious that the antecedents of the evidence used by the İslamic philosopher were obtained by benefiting from the views of previous philosophers. However, it can also be said that the way in which the evidence is constructed is original. Because the philosopher has developed these evidences in accordance with his own thought system.
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06 humanities and the arts, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion
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22
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325
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345
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