Optimizing Push Notifications for Online Learning: Experimental Implications into Timing Effects on Student Behavior*

Abstract

With the widespread use of mobile devices, push notifications that replace email- or login-based systems can play an important role in increasing student engagement and improving time management. This study examines the effect of push notifications sent at different times on students' interaction behaviors in online learning environments. The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design involving university students. During the intervention, push notifications were sent to students on a scheduled basis via the Moodle mobile app, and their interactions with the system were analyzed. The results revealed that push notifications sent at scheduled times, particularly in the morning and evening, increased student engagement, improved reaction times, and strengthened platform interaction. However, the negative outcomes of uncontrolled peer-generated notification intensity emphasize the need for personalized notification systems based on student preferences. It is recommended that the design of notifications in online learning environments should be optimized using a user-centered approach.